Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a serious inflammatory disease of small and medium-sized arteries and veins, primarily of the legs. Less commonly, arteries in the hands also become narrowed or blocked, causing insufficient blood supply to the fingers. Severe blockage leads to finger pain and tissue death, requiring amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of the superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by obliteration of the lumen of blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. Several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age - the disease most often occurs in young patients, usually under 50 years of age; hormonal factors; viral infections; chronic stress; infectious agents - some bacteria or other infectious agents may play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; Arterial hypertension - High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signs:
- leg pain
- pain in toes
- pain in the finger
- swelling of the big toe
- ankle swelling
- hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased concentration of protein in urine - proteinuria
- cold feet
- lameness
- erectile disfunction
- skin ulcers
- ulcers on the feet
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the tendons of the thumb, manifested by pain in the wrist area. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain in 1895. He performed surgery to release the compressed tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged stress on the hand and thumb due to repetitive movements of the wrist. For example, when constantly using a smartphone, holding heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome is increased in representatives of professions associated with active work with hands - hairdressers, seamstresses, builders, pianists. Also risk factors are pregnancy and the postpartum period, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum ligament on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area there are 6 channels along which the tendons slide. With frequent movements of the hand, increased friction of these tendons against the walls of the channel occurs. As a result, swelling develops, causing a narrowing of the canal, which disrupts the normal sliding of the tendons, and leads to acute pain in the wrist when moving the thumb.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- wrist pain
- pain in the finger
- forearm pain
- finger deformity
- burning in the wrist
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- decreased range of motion
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae surrounding a joint. As a rule, the disease affects the large joints of the upper extremities. Bursae of the fingers can also be affected, but this occurs less frequently. During exacerbations of bursitis, applying cold will help: the pain will subside and the inflammation will decrease. For chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical interventions.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- thickening of the bursa
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of infection throughout the body. Causes: The cause of secondary syphilis is the continuation of infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Here are some factors that may contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inadequate treatment of primary syphilis, non-compliance with treatment, late initiation of treatment, unprotected sex with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signs:
- white coating on tongue
- pain in toes
- pain in the finger
- headache
- red eyes (hyperemia)
- unusual vaginal discharge
- chills and trembling
- swelling of the toe
- swelling of fingers
- skin rash
- swollen lymph nodes
A dislocated finger is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the phalanges of the fingers are displaced and cease to be congruent with each other. Fingers are affected more often than toes. A dislocated finger can occur in any of the joints of any finger, but most commonly occurs in the middle joint of the little, ring, middle, or index fingers. A dislocated finger is always caused by force applied to the nail phalanx. For example: while playing sports, the ball may hit the tip of an outstretched finger; falling onto an outstretched arm. The cause of injury to a finger is usually a domestic or sports injury: forced hyperextension or a blow to the finger area. A dislocated toe occurs as a result of jumping or falling. .
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- finger deformity
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- crunching in the knuckles of the fingers
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may include: prolonged high blood sugar levels, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, chronic stress, insufficient physical movement, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, age-related changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, long-term use of certain medications and circulatory disorders.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in the lower leg
- delayed ejaculation
- difficulty urinating
- itchy skin
- numbness in toes
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of sensation in the legs
- loss of sensation in hands
- finger stiffness
- leg cramps
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- cold feet
- lameness
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating - hyperhidrosis
Hannails are purulent inflammatory formations on the skin or mucous membranes, caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas, and can be caused by the following reasons: trauma or damage to the skin, infections with staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci, fungal infections, periodontitis, immunodeficiency conditions, woundsafter surgery, burns, wounds from animal bites, dental infections, poor diet, gum disease, abrasions or cracks in the skin, weak immunity, self-etching (self-harm), hypovitaminosis, poor personal hygiene, improper use of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, widespectrum of antibiotics, dysfunction of the lymphatic system and damage to the mucous membranes.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
- skin redness
- dry skin
Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin, in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may take the form of a dense lump or stripe. Over time, it leads to the curvature of one or more fingers, pulling them to the side or inside the palm. The ring and little fingers are most often affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the feet may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is inherited. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It may be due to smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. More common in men than women. Smokers and people with diabetes have an increased risk of developing the disease.
Signs:
- pain in one of the arms
- pain in the finger
- pain in hands
- finger deformity
- muscle weakness
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- weakness in the hands
- lump or lump
Radial nerve neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing pinched nerves and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg's syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; overuse injuries or prolonged pressure on the hands due to casts or splints; complications from surgeries such as shoulder replacements; injuries, including accidents, gunshots and stab wounds; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- elbow pain
- pain in the finger
- forearm pain
- pain in hands
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- loss of sensation in hands
- stiffness of the hands
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails, and its causes may be due to trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area, congenital abnormalities of the nails, susceptibility tonails chemical or physical insults such as contact with harsh chemicals or trauma from repeated blows, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such as lichenflat or pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, the effects of medications such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as irregular nail handling or nail biting, metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc, stress or psychological factors, systemic diseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased loss of moisture or dehydration, prolonged constant exposure to moisture or exposure of nails to mechanical pressure.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- furrows on the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. Causes of the pathology include trauma, infection through microtrauma, improper handling of sharp objects, damage to nails, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency conditions, chemical exposure, contact with contaminated water, alcohol or drug intoxication, certain professions associated with contact withharmful substances, systemic connective tissue diseases, circulatory disorders, endocrine disorders, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic organ diseases such as the liver and kidneys, aging.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- pain in hands
- pustules
- finger deformity
- itchy skin
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones in one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can vary in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as falling on the hand or squeezing a finger. An open fracture is characterized by the bone protruding through the skin, which can occur with serious trauma, such as an accident or injury with a sharp object. A basal phalanx fracture is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, such as from a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or strong compression. A fracture of the distal phalanx can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a strong blow to the end of the finger. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their arms for repetitive movements.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- protrusion of bone from the skin
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- finger stiffness
Injuries to the wrist joint are injuries that can affect both bony and soft joint tissues, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. A wrist sprain occurs when ligaments are torn due to overextension, physical impact, or a fall. Wrist sprain syndrome is a wrist disorder, also called ulnar abduction, that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after a wrist fracture has healed in an atypical manner and makes the wrist joint between this bone and the wrist bones less stable. Wrist arthritis can occur in any joint of the wrist due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It may be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Polyarthritis of the finger is an inflammation of three or more joints at the same time. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear of the phalangeal joint from excessive load; age; injuries; autoimmune diseases; genetic predisposition, family history; muscle weakness. Symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but can also appear suddenly. The typical age for developing rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years. However, it can also affect children, adolescents and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after age 50 or 60, but there are studies that show radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in women as young as 40.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- pain in the finger
- finger deformity
- curvature of the little finger and ring finger
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- crunching in the knuckles of the fingers
A sprain of the soft tissues of the hand is a violation of the integrity of a ligament, tendon or muscle. The most vulnerable to sprains are the ligaments. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint becomes twisted in an unnatural way due to a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common injuries to the soft tissues of the hand are injuries to the muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can lead to injury. Sprains, strains, bruises, as well as tendonitis and bursitis are the main forms of injury.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect more than just the joints. In some people, the condition can cause damage to a variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis of the hands occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks tissue in its own body. Factors that increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: gender - women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age - rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can occur at any age, but most often it begins to develop in middle age; family history - the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one of the blood relatives has rheumatoid arthritis; smoking - due to nicotine consumption, rheumatoid arthritis develops faster and occurs with more acute symptoms; Overweight – Patients who are overweight are at slightly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signs:
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- high temperature - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and trembling
- swelling of fingers
- loss of appetite
- problems with grasping objects with your hand
- stiffness of the hands
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to a group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are shaped like a sickle or crescent. Sickle cells also become stiff and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky, and misshapen. For a child to get the disease, both the mother and father must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene—also known as the sickle cell trait—and pass on both copies of the altered form to the child.
Signs:
- chest pain
- bone pain (ossalgia)
- pain in the finger
- joint pain - arthralgia
- "sausage" type inflammation of the fingers
- stunting
- iron deficiency - anemia
- swelling of the legs
- swelling of fingers
- swelling of the hands
- yellowing of the skin and pupils of the eyes - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- decreased vision
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- chronic fatigue - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is a complete or partial blockage of the lumen of a vessel by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Thrombosis in a vein is caused either by venous congestion due to long periods of immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalances, or damage to the vein. Most cases of thrombosis in an artery are the result of atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the artery walls. There are also certain risk factors that can increase your chance of developing blood clots: advanced age; pregnancy; some birth control medications; hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; smoking; infection; autoimmune diseases; hand injury; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- pain in hands
- shortness of breath - dyspnea
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
Preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. It becomes one of the factors provoking swelling of the fingers. In addition, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, abnormal swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain, and abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is critical to ensuring a safe pregnancy and birth. It includes taking medications, constant monitoring by a doctor, and in rare cases, early labor.
When should you see a doctor if you have pain in your fingers?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- pain in the fingers is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- pain increases at night;
- the pain did not decrease after treatment at home for a week;
- there is tingling or loss of sensation in the hand;
- have a history of diabetes;
- cannot move your thumb or hold objects;
- the phalanges changed shape or color.
Diagnostics
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbacteriosis
- blood analysis
- vitamin D test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
- blood chemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermatoscopy
- duplex scanning of the lower extremities
- immunological study
- polymerase chain reaction test
- Finkelstein research
- Eichof's research
- skin tests
- computed angiography
- computed angiography of the lower extremities
- computed tomography of the chest
- computed tomography of the hand
- computed tomography of the lungs
- computed tomography of lymph nodes
- computed tomography of the wrist joint
- computed tomography of neck vessels
- magnetic resonance imaging of the hand
- magnetic resonance imaging of lymph nodes
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist joint
- magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
- magnetic resonance imaging of joints
- microscopic examination of a smear
- radiography
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the hand
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint
- radiography of the lower extremities
- X-ray of a finger
- radiography of fingers
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- thoracentesis
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper extremities
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint
- Ultrasound examination of soft tissues of the hand and arm
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Ultrasound examination of the heart - echocardiography
- chest fluorography
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve pain in a finger?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- apply ice compresses for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- painkillers;
- stop or reduce activities that cause pain, such as typing, using vibrating tools for work, or playing a musical instrument;
- do not take hot baths, do not go to the sauna or bathhouse for the first 2-3 days after the injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.